***Science: Metastatic spreading
Researchers of the Witten/Herdecke University, Germany, found that the endocannabinoid anandamide has an inhibitory effect on the migration of tumour cells and lymphocytes. The effects on tumour cells were mediated by the CB1 receptor and the effects on CD8(+) T lymphocytes were mediated by CB2 receptors. Thus, cannabinoids that bind to the CB1 receptor would inhibit metastatic spreading. Researchers conclude that "specific inhibition of tumour cell migration via CB(1)-R engagement might be a selective tool to prevent metastasis formation without depreciatory effects on the immune system of cancer patients."
(Source: Joseph J, et al. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2004 Mar 18 [Electronic publication ahead of print])

***Science: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
A survey among people suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was conducted by researchers of the University of Washington. There were 131 respondents, 13 of whom reported using cannabis in the last 12 months. Researchers write that "results indicate that cannabis may be moderately effective at reducing symptoms of appetite loss, depression, pain, spasticity, and drooling. Cannabis was reported ineffective in reducing difficulties with speech and swallowing, and sexual dysfunction."
(Source: Amtmann D, et al. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2004 Mar- Apr;21(2):95-104.)

***Science: Parkinson's disease
The majority of Parkinson's disease patients undergoing levodopa therapy develop disabling motor complications (dyskinesias) within 10 years of treatment. Stimulation of cannabinoid receptors, to which binds THC is emerging as a promising therapy to alleviate levodopa-associated dyskinesias. Researchers investigated possible mechanisms in animal experiments. Results indicate that a deficiency in endocannabinoid transmission may contribute to levodopa-induced dyskinesias and that these complications may be alleviated by activation of CB1 receptors
 (Ferrer B, et al. Eur J Neurosci 2003 Sep;18(6):1607-14.)

***Science: Drug policy
Drug policy ineffective and harmful! An article in Econ Journal Watch analysed the attitudes of economists towards current drug policies and comes concluded:
"First, most economists found the current policy to be somewhat ineffective, very ineffective, or harmful.
Second, most economists agree that the current policy should be changed.
Third, most economists agree that the policy should be changed in the general direction of liberalization."
The article by Mark Thornton is available online at http://www.econjournalwatch.org
(Source: Thornton M. Econ Journal Watch 1(1): 82-105.)